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6 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Kgothatso Ngako
8e65d1f33a Adding IsiVenda to the mix 2020-02-15 17:39:30 +02:00
Kgothatso Ngako
b3d1b1d51f Improving the Oshiwambo translation of Explain Bitcoin Like I'm 5 2020-02-15 16:59:16 +02:00
Kgothatso Ngako
c9150d1a3f Adding Isindebele 2020-02-15 16:45:45 +02:00
Kgothatso Ngako
45ee7f1ad1 Update git ignore to no include /.vscode directory 2020-02-15 16:12:21 +02:00
Kgothatso Ngako
3dd0012bab Adding Oshwambo translations for Bitcoin Is Like 2020-02-15 16:11:23 +02:00
Kgothatso Ngako
b025e77653 Extending theme to group langauges 2020-02-15 15:26:37 +02:00
19 changed files with 690 additions and 62 deletions

1
.gitignore vendored
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@@ -76,3 +76,4 @@ typings/
# FuseBox cache # FuseBox cache
.fusebox/ .fusebox/
/.vscode/

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@@ -5,8 +5,21 @@ module.exports = {
title: 'Exonumia', title: 'Exonumia',
description: 'The landing page for native African language speaker looking to learn about Bitcoin.' description: 'The landing page for native African language speaker looking to learn about Bitcoin.'
}, },
'/nr/': {
lang: 'nr',
group: '🇿🇦 South Africa',
title: 'Exonumia',
description: 'iLanding page for native african language speakers looking to learn about Bitcoin.'
},
'/ve/': {
lang: 've',
group: '🇿🇦 South Africa',
title: 'Exonumia',
description: 'iLanding page for native african language speakers looking to learn about Bitcoin.'
},
'/ng/': { '/ng/': {
lang: 'ng', lang: 'ng',
group: '🇳🇦 Namibia',
title: 'Exonumia', title: 'Exonumia',
description: 'Ke yona landing page for native African language speaker looking to learn about Bitcoin.' description: 'Ke yona landing page for native African language speaker looking to learn about Bitcoin.'
} }
@@ -20,7 +33,7 @@ module.exports = {
locales: { locales: {
'/': { '/': {
selectText: '🇬🇧 Languages', selectText: '🇬🇧 Languages',
label: '🇬🇧 English', label: 'English',
ariaLabel: 'Languages', ariaLabel: 'Languages',
editLinkText: 'Improve Content', editLinkText: 'Improve Content',
nav: [ nav: [
@@ -53,9 +66,81 @@ module.exports = {
} }
], ],
}, },
'/ve/': {
selectText: '🇿🇦 Languages',
label: 'IsiVenda',
ariaLabel: 'Languages',
editLinks: true,
editLinkText: "Improve Translation!",
nav: [
{
text: 'Home',
link: '/ve/'
},
{
text: 'Translations',
link: '/ve/translations/'
},
{
text: 'Sigidli',
link: 'https://sigidli.com'
},
],
sidebar: [
'/ve/about/',
{
title: 'Translations', // required
path: '/ve/translations/', // optional, which should be a absolute path.
// collapsable: false, // optional, defaults to true
// sidebarDepth: 3, // optional, defaults to 1
children: [
'/ve/',
'/ve/explain-bitcoin-like-im-five/',
'/ve/bitcoin-is-like/',
'/ve/i-am-hodling/'
]
}
],
},
'/nr/': {
selectText: '🇿🇦 Languages',
label: 'Isindebele',
ariaLabel: 'Languages',
editLinks: true,
editLinkText: "Improve Translation!",
nav: [
{
text: 'Home',
link: '/nr/'
},
{
text: 'Translations',
link: '/nr/translations/'
},
{
text: 'Sigidli',
link: 'https://sigidli.com'
},
],
sidebar: [
'/nr/about/',
{
title: 'Translations', // required
path: '/nr/translations/', // optional, which should be a absolute path.
// collapsable: false, // optional, defaults to true
// sidebarDepth: 3, // optional, defaults to 1
children: [
'/nr/',
'/nr/explain-bitcoin-like-im-five/',
'/nr/bitcoin-is-like/',
'/nr/i-am-hodling/'
]
}
],
},
'/ng/': { '/ng/': {
selectText: '🇳🇦 Languages', selectText: '🇳🇦 Languages',
label: '🇳🇦 Oshiwambo', label: 'Oshiwambo',
ariaLabel: 'Languages', ariaLabel: 'Languages',
editLinks: true, editLinks: true,
editLinkText: "Improve Translation!", editLinkText: "Improve Translation!",
@@ -74,17 +159,17 @@ module.exports = {
}, },
], ],
sidebar: [ sidebar: [
'/about/', '/ng/about/',
{ {
title: 'Translations', // required title: 'Translations', // required
path: '/translations/', // optional, which should be a absolute path. path: '/ng/translations/', // optional, which should be a absolute path.
// collapsable: false, // optional, defaults to true // collapsable: false, // optional, defaults to true
// sidebarDepth: 3, // optional, defaults to 1 // sidebarDepth: 3, // optional, defaults to 1
children: [ children: [
'/', '/ng/',
'/explain-bitcoin-like-im-five/', '/ng/explain-bitcoin-like-im-five/',
'/bitcoin-is-like/', '/ng/bitcoin-is-like/',
'/i-am-hodling/' '/ng/i-am-hodling/'
] ]
} }
], ],

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@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
<template>
<nav
v-if="userLinks.length || repoLink"
class="nav-links"
>
<!-- user links -->
<div
v-for="item in userLinks"
:key="item.link"
class="nav-item"
>
<DropdownLink
v-if="item.type === 'links'"
:item="item"
/>
<NavLink
v-else
:item="item"
/>
</div>
<!-- repo link -->
<a
v-if="repoLink"
:href="repoLink"
class="repo-link"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
>
{{ repoLabel }}
<OutboundLink />
</a>
</nav>
</template>
<script>
import DropdownLink from '@parent-theme/components/DropdownLink.vue'
import { resolveNavLinkItem } from '@parent-theme/util'
import NavLink from '@parent-theme/components/NavLink.vue'
export default {
name: 'NavLinks',
components: {
NavLink,
DropdownLink
},
computed: {
userNav () {
return this.$themeLocaleConfig.nav || this.$site.themeConfig.nav || []
},
nav () {
const { locales } = this.$site
if (locales && Object.keys(locales).length > 1) {
const currentLink = this.$page.path
const routes = this.$router.options.routes
const themeLocales = this.$site.themeConfig.locales || {}
const langauges = Object.keys(locales).map(path => {
const locale = locales[path]
const text = themeLocales[path] && themeLocales[path].label || locale.lang
let link
// Stay on the current page
if (locale.lang === this.$lang) {
link = currentLink
} else {
// Try to stay on the same page
link = currentLink.replace(this.$localeConfig.path, path)
// fallback to homepage
if (!routes.some(route => route.path === link)) {
link = path
}
}
const group = locale.group
return { text, link, group }
})
let groupedLangauges = {}
let ungroupedLangauges = []
langauges.forEach(langauge => {
if (langauge.group) {
if (groupedLangauges[langauge.group] == null) {
groupedLangauges[langauge.group] = {
text: langauge.group,
items: []
}
}
groupedLangauges[langauge.group].items.push(langauge)
} else {
ungroupedLangauges.push(langauge)
}
})
const languageDropdown = {
text: this.$themeLocaleConfig.selectText || 'Languages',
ariaLabel: this.$themeLocaleConfig.ariaLabel || 'Select language',
items: Object.values(groupedLangauges).concat(ungroupedLangauges)
}
return [...this.userNav, languageDropdown]
}
return this.userNav
},
userLinks () {
return (this.nav || []).map(link => {
return Object.assign(resolveNavLinkItem(link), {
items: (link.items || []).map(resolveNavLinkItem)
})
})
},
repoLink () {
const { repo } = this.$site.themeConfig
if (repo) {
return /^https?:/.test(repo)
? repo
: `https://github.com/${repo}`
}
return null
},
repoLabel () {
if (!this.repoLink) return
if (this.$site.themeConfig.repoLabel) {
return this.$site.themeConfig.repoLabel
}
const repoHost = this.repoLink.match(/^https?:\/\/[^/]+/)[0]
const platforms = ['GitHub', 'GitLab', 'Bitbucket']
for (let i = 0; i < platforms.length; i++) {
const platform = platforms[i]
if (new RegExp(platform, 'i').test(repoHost)) {
return platform
}
}
return 'Source'
}
}
}
</script>
<style lang="stylus">
.nav-links
display inline-block
a
line-height 1.4rem
color inherit
&:hover, &.router-link-active
color $accentColor
.nav-item
position relative
display inline-block
margin-left 1.5rem
line-height 2rem
&:first-child
margin-left 0
.repo-link
margin-left 1.5rem
@media (max-width: $MQMobile)
.nav-links
.nav-item, .repo-link
margin-left 0
@media (min-width: $MQMobile)
.nav-links a
&:hover, &.router-link-active
color $textColor
.nav-item > a:not(.external)
&:hover, &.router-link-active
margin-bottom -2px
border-bottom 2px solid lighten($accentColor, 8%)
</style>

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@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
const path = require('path')
// Theme API.
module.exports = {
extend: '@vuepress/theme-default'
}

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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
export default {}

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@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
# Bitcoin Is Like # Bitcoin oya fa
by Oleg Andreev [2017/12/10](https://oleganza.com/all/bitcoin-is-like/) by Oleg Andreev [2017/12/10](https://oleganza.com/all/bitcoin-is-like/)
**Bitcoin is like physical cash:** it is not reversible and you are responsible for handling it. If you lose your wallet, you lose your money. You can give bitcoins to someone to hold them for you, but it will be like with any bank: you have to trust them that they wont run away with your money. **Bitcoin oya fa oshimaliwa shokoomuma:** Ihayi vulu okuningululwa, ongwee mwene wuna oshinakugwanitha shoku yi takamitha. Ngele owa kanitha ondjato yoye yiimaliwa, nena niimaliwa yoye oya kana. Oto vulu okugandja komuntu eku kwatele, ihe ngaashi ngele tosikilile nombaanga, omuntu owu na ku kala wemwiinekela kutya ita fadhuka po niimaliwa yoye.
**Bitcoin is unlike physical cash:** you can store as much as you want and it will not take any space. You can send it over the wire to anyone. It is impossible to counterfeit. You cant give it in one second: to actually guarantee that transaction has happened, you have to wait 10-15 minutes for the cryptographic proof to be produced by the network. **Bitcoin inayi fa oshimaliwa shokoomuma:** OoBitcoin oho vulu okudhisikilila odhindji ngaashi wa hala, ihe itadhi mana po ehala. Oho vulu wo okutumina kehe ngu wa hala to longitha omukalo ngoka gwapitikwa melongitho lyooBitcoin. "Iimaliwa" mbika ihayi vulu okuningwa iimaliwa yiifundja (counterfeit). Ihayi vulu so okugandjwa mosekonde yimwe, owuna manga oku tegelela oominute 10-15 Opo ewangandjo lininge uumbapila womafutilo, opo wuvule okukwashilipaleka ngele omafutilo/elanditho olya tumwa.
**Bitcoin is like gold:** it cannot be produced at will, there is a limited amount of it and this amount is scattered in spacetime continuum (mostly time). To get some bitcoins someone should give them to you, or you should *mine* them. Like gold, Bitcoin is shiny: it attracts people with its beautiful engineering, built-in contract programming language, wise incentives, and libertarian promise of freedom from coercion. **Bitcoin oya fa oshingoli:** OBitcoin ihayi vulu okuningwa owala pahalo komuntu, ope na ondando yontumba yangabekwa, ondando ndjika oya topolelwa mewangadjo hali ithanwa "spacetime continuum". Opo wumone ooBitcoin, owuna okudhipewa komuntu gumwe ishewe ngoka e dhi na nale, nenge todhi miina ngaashi oshingoli. OoBitcoin ohadhi welima ngaashi oshingoli dho ohadhi fuula aantu nuuwanawa womutungilo wadho, nelaka ndyoka lyopauteknologi (programming language) lya longithwa. Ope na yoo euvathano lyamanguluka.
**Bitcoin is unlike gold:** supply of Bitcoin is completely fixed via scheduled mining (only so much bitcoins are created per hour). You have a guarantee that no one will suddenly find a mountain of bitgold or mine it on asteroids. Unlike gold, Bitcoin difficulty is adjusted to the mining efforts to keep the schedule fixed. You may dig up all the gold in one day, but it will never be possible with Bitcoin no matter how fast computers will ever become. Growing mining efforts can only bend schedule slightly (network adjusts difficulty to producing 6 blocks per hour, but if network constantly grows it may produce 7-8 blocks per hour). **Bitcoin inayi fa oshingoli:** OoBitcoin ohadhi topolowa pethimbo lyagwandjwa (kehe owili oha pu gandjwa oomumuma dhontumba). Shika ohashi kwashilipaleke kutya ito adha pe na gumwe e na onduba yuudha yeeBitcoin pethimbo limwe. Omuntu oho vulu okutha mo oshingoli oshindji ngaashi wa hala mesiku, ihe shika ihashi vulika nooBitcoin, kutya nee okompiuta ohayi endelele shithike peni.
**Bitcoin is like a bank:** there are computers, databases and transactions. Databases store the entire history of all incoming and outgoing payments: who send how much to whom. Everything is digital. There are no vaults with gold or personal deposit boxes, only bookkeeping in a single “ledger”. **Bitcoin oya fa ombaanga:** Ngaashi tuu ombaanga, melongitho lyooBitcoin omu na ehala lyokusikililwa uukwatya waalongithi nowomafutilo agehe taganingwa. Kehe shimwe oshili pakompiuta. Kape na mpa hapu sikililwa oshingoli nenge uupakete wokusikilila iimaliwa, omadhidhiliko ohaga ningwa ashike membo limwe (mokompiuta).
**Bitcoin is unlike a bank:** everyone can verify that their database contains the same ledger data as everyone elses. There is no manager in charge of updating the ledger and making sure it is not tampered with. Any person may have as many accounts as they like and all accounts are anonymous (unless one reveals his identity himself). Ledger does not store names, only balances and account numbers. There is no possibility of a “fractional reserve” when bank loans out more money than it actually has. In fact, there are no debts on bitcoin ledger: either you have money on your address and it is fully yours, or you dont and you cant use it at all. Also, Bitcoin allows to lock money with “contracts”: cryptographic puzzles designed to spread the decision making between several people or across time. **Bitcoin inayi fa ombaanga:** Omuntu kehe ota vulu ota vulu oku kwashilipaleka nokumona ngele embo lye olya shangwa/dhidhilikwa shi shili momambo gooyakwao. Kape na omutonateli eli po e na oshinakugwanitha shoku gwedha mo uuyelele momambo gomalandithilo nokumona kutya inapa gwedhwa uuyelele kashili paveta. Omuntu kehe ota vulu okutota po omayalulo (accounts) ogendji ngaashi a hala mpoka edhina lye inali pumbwa okushiwikwa, onge shila oye mwene tiipopi edhina. Momambo ihamu sikililwa omadhina gaantu, ohamu sikililwa owala iimaliwa mbi yili koAccount nonomola koAccount. Membo lyooBitcoin kamuna ehala lyoondjo, omuntu owuna ashike iimaliwa, nenge kuna sha, onkee ito vulu okuyi longitha.
**Bitcoin is like Monopoly money:** coins are abstract tokens that are not claims to any value. People value them because they choose to play the game. In fact, the same is true for gold or any other money. **Bitcoin oya fa iimaliwa yoMonopoly:** Iimaliwa yoludhi nduka oyopambembo noya pewa ongushu molwaashoka aantu haadhana uudhano mbuka. Iimaliwa ayihe hol: oshingoli, niimaliwa yoombapila nsht. osho hayi mono ongushu pamukalo nguka.
**Bitcoin is unlike Monopoly money:** there is a limited supply of tokens and no one can counterfeit them. This makes them a good candidate for a universally recognized collectible like gold or silver coins. **Bitcoin inayi fa iimaliwa yoMonopoly:** Iimaliwa yoludhi nduka iidhigu nokuninga nomolwaashoka oya pumba noonkondo. Omolwa uukwatya nda zi nokutumbula oyi na ongushu yomaliko ngoka ga pumba woo ngashi oshingoli nsht. Ngoka haga longithwa miipindi.
**Bitcoin oya fa ewi lyamanguluka:** Keshe einyengo tali holoka olya fa etumwalaka efupi kaakwashigwana, ndyoka tali vulu okutotomonwa shaampoka, kehe ethimbo. Ngele aantu mba haa "miina" OoBitcoin oyeli uvu, ohaye li gwedha komusholondondo gomainyengo agehe gadhidhilikwa nale. Etumwalaka omo tali kala mondjokonona, kehe gumwe ota vulu okuli mona, no kape na we ngoka tavulu okulidhima mo.
**Bitcoin inayi fa ewi lyamanguluka:** Keshe shimwe toka 'tumbula' ohashi ya nondando. Ngele omuntu okwa hala okulanditha nakale e na iimaliwa (coins), shika ota shi ti kutya, aantu owala mboka ye na iimaliwa yoludhi ndika taa vulu 'okutya' sha. Aantu mba taa miina OoBitcoin otaa vulu okutinda omalanditho ngele ina ye ga panda, nenge ngele yewete ondando oshona. Aantu ohaa longele kumwe meliyambo.
**Bitcoin oya fa euvathano pokati kaakwashigwana:** Osha fa owala oshinima shopamuthigululwakalo. OoBitcoin ota dhi vulu okulonga ngaashi iimaliwa yolela ngele aantu taye dhi longitha pamukalo gumwe niimaliwa, noye na esimaneko lyoompango ndhoka dhi na sha nelongitho lyooBitcoin. Outeknologi ohau dhana oshilonga sha simana mokweetapo euvathano ndi.
**Bitcoin inayi fa euvathano pokati kaakwashigwana:** Inashi fa naanaa omauvathano ngoka haga longwa moosikola, shaashi euvathano ndika ihali vulu okuningululwa nenge okugwedhelwa, lyo inali totwa po kaaleli yontumba. Oompango owala dhili po ndhoka kehe omuntu e na okutokola puyemwene edhi gwanitha po, sigo aantu ayehe taa adha etokolo limwe.
---
**Bitcoin is like Git:** in Git (a distributed version control system) all your changes are organized in a chain protected by cryptographic hashes. If you trust the latest hash, you can get all the previous information (or any part of it) from any source and still verify that it is what you expect. Similarly, in Bitcoin, all transactions are organized in a chain (*the blockchain*) and once validated, no matter where they are stored, you can always trust any piece of blockchain by checking a chain of hashes that link to a hash you already trust. This naturally enables distributed storage and easy integrity checks. **Bitcoin is like Git:** in Git (a distributed version control system) all your changes are organized in a chain protected by cryptographic hashes. If you trust the latest hash, you can get all the previous information (or any part of it) from any source and still verify that it is what you expect. Similarly, in Bitcoin, all transactions are organized in a chain (*the blockchain*) and once validated, no matter where they are stored, you can always trust any piece of blockchain by checking a chain of hashes that link to a hash you already trust. This naturally enables distributed storage and easy integrity checks.

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@@ -12,95 +12,97 @@ Paife owuna eyupela limwe, ngaye kandinasha.
Kashishi oshinima oshipu shono? Kashishi oshinima oshipu shono?
### Lets look closely at what happened: ### Tu konakone oshinima shi sha ningwapo:
My apple was physically put into your hand. Eyapula ondeli tula palutu meke lyoye.
You know it happened. I was there. You were there. You touched it. Owushishi kutya osha ningwa. Opo ndali. Opo wali. Oweshi nyenga.
We didnt need a third person there to help us make the transfer. We didnt need to pull in Uncle Tommy (whos a famous judge) to sit with us on the bench and confirm that the apple went from me to you. Inatu pumbwa omuntu omutitatu etu kwathele okutuma eyapula. Inatu pumbwa okwiithana Tate Toma (omupanguli asimana/apyokoka) tu kalomutumba poshipundi akoleke kutya eyapula olya ya kungweye okuza kungame.
The apples yours! I cant give you another apple because I dont have any left. I cant control it anymore. The apple left my possession completely. You have full control over that apple now. You can give it to your friend if you want, and then that friend can give it to his friend. And so on. Eyapula ndino olyohe! Ite vulu okuku pa eyapula limwe natango sha shoka kandinapo we. Kandina we uuthemba washa we. Eyapula olya zamo miikesho yandje thilu thilu. Owuna uuthemba oku longitha eyapula ngashi wa hala. Oto vulu okulipa felende gwoye ngele osho wa hala, na felende gwoye ota vulu okulipa felende gwoye. Nosho wo.
So thats what an in-person exchange looks like. I guess its really the same, whether Im giving you a banana, a book, or say a quarter, or a dollar bill…. Okutaambathana palutu osho hashikala. Oshiifa naashi andi ku pe oshiyimati she banana, embo, nenge othilinga, nenge oshimaliwa shefo.
But Im getting ahead of myself. Maala inatu endelela uunene.
### Back to apples! ### Galukila komayapula!
Now say, I have one digital apple. Here, Ill give you my digital apple. Paife, toti ondi na eyapula limwe lyopainterneta. Andikupe eyapula lyandje lyopainterneta.
Sha ningi ne oshihokitha.
Ah! Now it gets interesting. Otoshi shiwa ngiini kutya eyapula ndyono lyopointerneta ndi lyali lyandje, olyohe, nolyohe gwe mwene. Shii pula nga manga.
How do you know that that digital apple that used to be mine, is now yours, and only yours? Think about it for a second. Osha dhigupala. Otoshi shiwa ngini kutya inandi tuma eyapula ndono ku Tate Toma mekwatethano lyontumwafo yoshinanena tango? Nenge ku felende gwoye Joseph? Nenge noku ku felende gwandje Lisa?
Its more complicated, right? How do you know that I didnt send that apple to Uncle Tommy as an email attachment first? Or your friend Joe? Or my friend Lisa too? Napamwe onda ninga eekopi odhindji dheyapula lyopainterneta komalungula (kompuita) gandje.
Maybe I made a couple of copies of that digital apple on my computer. Maybe I put it up on the internet and one million people downloaded it. Napamwe ondeshi tula kointerneta ndele tashi kuthwako kaantu yeli omiliona.
As you see, this digital exchange is a bit of a problem. Sending digital apples doesnt look like sending physical apples. Ngaashi wu wete, okutaambathana kointerenta oshina omiikundu nuudhigu. **Okutuma omayapula go painterneta inashi fa oku tuma omayapula gopalutu.**
Some brainy computer scientists actually have a name for this problem: its called the double-spending problem. But dont worry about it. All you need to know is that, its confused them for quite some time and theyve never solved it. Aanuunongo miinima yokomalungula (eekompiuta) oya pe omiikundu dhino edhina: ohashithanwa [omikundu dhokufuta lwaali](http://blogs.cornell.edu/info4220/2013/03/29/bitcoin-and-the-double-spending-problem/).
Until now. Maala inashi ku piyaganeka. Owuna ashike oku shiwa kutya osheya ngwangwanitha ethimbo eshupi maala natango inayeshi kandulapo.
But lets try to think of a solution on our own. Sigo paife.
### Ledgers Tu kambadhale okudhiladhila ekandulepo lyomukundu se yene.
Maybe these digital apples need to be tracked in a ledger. Its basically a book where you track all transactions — an accounting book. ### Omambo goma yalulo
This ledger, since its digital, needs to live in its own world and have someone in charge of it. Napamwe omayapula gokointerneta oga pumbwa oku landulwa **membo lyoma yalulo**. Membo ndino omo ho vulu oku landula omataambathana gomaliko agehe - embo liiyalulwa (accounting).
Say, just like World of Warcraft. Blizzard, the guys who created the online game, have a “digital ledger” of all the rare flaming fire swords that exist in their system. So, cool, someone like them could keep track of our digital apples. Awesome — we solved it! Embo ndino, shaashi olyoko interneta, olya pumbwa okwiikalela nokutakamithwa komuntu.
### Problems Ngaashi ashike mobaanga. Mba ya tota obanka oyena embo lyoma yalulo kointerneta kutya aantu yangapi yena iimaliwa yothike peni meeaccounta dhawo. Obanka otayi vulu oku landula noku koleka omayapula getu gokointerneta.
Theres a bit of a problem though: ### Omikundu nuudhigu
1) What if some guy over at Blizzard created more? He could just add a couple of digital apples to his balance whenever he wants! Opena uudhigu uushona.
2) Its not exactly like when we were on the bench that one day. It was just you and me then. Going through Blizzard is like pulling in Uncle Tommy(a third-party) out of court(did I mention hes a famous judge?) for all our park bench transactions. How can I just hand over my digital apple to you, like, you know— the usual way? 1. Ngashi omniilonga gwomobaanga okwa tota po iimaliwa ikwawo? Otavulu ashike okwii gwedhelamo omayapula gokointerneta mekutu lye uuna a hala!
2. Inashifa shi twali twa kalomutumbaa meshala lyokuvulukwapo nomaunyanyudho esiku ndyo. Esiku ndiya otse ashike twali po. Oku tegelela omniilonga gwomobaanga eye pokati ketu owafa ashike Tate Toma (omubangi), omupanguli teya koleke omataambathano gomaliko getu kondje ho (court). Ite vulu okuku pa omayapula gandje ngashi shito.
> Is there any way to closely replicate our park bench, just you-and-me, transaction digitally? Seems kinda tough… > Opena omukalo gwoku tapa omataambathano gomaliko getu gokoshipundi shetu shomeshala lyomaunyanyudho, se ashike tuli yaali? Ashuulike oshidhigu.
### The Solution ### Ekandule po lyomukundu
What if we gave this ledger — to everybody? Instead of the ledger living on a Blizzard computer, itll live in everybodys computers. All the transactions that have ever happened, from all time, in digital apples will be recorded in it. Ngele otwa pe **kehe gumwe** embo lyomayalulo? Peshala embo lyikale ike ko kompiuta yokombaanga, olili mboli keekompiuta dhaantu ayehe. Omataambathano gomaliko ageshe nga ga ningwa, ethimbo alihe omayapula gointerneta, oga shangelwamo.
You cant cheat it. I cant send you digital apples I dont have, because then it wouldnt sync up with everybody in the system. Itd be a tough system to beat. Especially if it got really big. Ito vulu okushi kengelela. Ite vulu okuku tumina omayapula kandigana, shashoka itashi kwatathana nosystem keekompiuta adhishe. Esystem odhigu oku dhenga. Noshowo ngele olya ningi enene.
Plus its not controlled by one person, so I know theres no one that can just decide to give himself more digital apples. The rules of the system were already defined at the beginning. And the code and rules are open-source. Its there for the smart people to contribute to, maintain, secure, improve on, and check on. Noho inashi kwatelwa komeho komuntu gumwe, tashiti ondi shishi kutya kapena omuntu ta vulu oku iigwedhelapo omayapula gokointerneta. Oompango dho system odha totwapo nale kuza ketameko. Eekuode neeprograma dho kompiuta yapatulukila aayehe, oshitya hashithanwa “[open source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source)” moshiEnglisha. Oshili po opo aanuunongo ya gwedhepo, ya takamithe, ehumo komesho, noku shi tala.
You could participate in this network too and update the ledger and make sure it all checks out. For the trouble, you could get like 25 digital apples as a reward. In fact, thats the only way to create more digital apples in the system. Nangweye oto vulu oku kutha ombinga monetworka ndyino, to tsakanitha embo lyomayalulo ndele to shi koleke. Shashoka oto longo, oto vulu okupewa [omayapula gokointerneta geli omilongombali na ntano](http://www.weusecoins.com/en/mining-guide/) onga ofuto. Ogo ala omukalo guli po oku tota po omayapula omape mosystem.
### I simplified quite a bit ### Ondeshi ninga oshipu
… but that system I explained exists. Its called the Bitcoin protocol. And those digital apples are the *“bitcoins”* within the system. Fancy! Maala osystem ndji nda fatulula opo lili miilonga. Osha ithanwa omulandu gwo Bitcoin. Ee”Bitcoin” dhomo system odho omayapula gokointerneta. Inashi dhenga mbada?
So, did you see what happened? What does the public ledger enable? Oshinima shi sha ningwa oweshi mona? **Ohashi kwatha shike tukale tuna embo lyomayalulo lili kaantu ayehe?**
1) Its open source remember? The total number of apples was defined in the public ledger at the beginning. I know the exact amount that exists. Within the system, I know they are limited(scarce). 1. Dhimbulukwa kutya osha patulukila aayehe. Omayapula ageshe nga geli mo system oga tulwapo membo lyomayalulo lyaantu ayehe kuza petameko. Otushishi kutya omuna omayapula ogethike peni koshinkwanu. **Meni lyo system ondishishi kutya oga pumba.**
2) When I make an exchange I now know that digital apple certifiably left my possession and is now completely yours. I used to not be able to say that about digital things. It will be updated and verified by the public ledger. 2. Sha nda taambathana paife ondishishi kutya eyapula lyokointerneta olya **zamo meke lyandje shili nolili meke lyoye thilthilu**. Ohashi vulu oku kolekwa membo lyomayalulo ndi lili kaantu ayehe.
3) Because its a public ledger, I didnt need Uncle Tommy(third-party) to make sure I didnt cheat, or make extra copies for myself, or send apples twice, or thrice 3. Omolwashi embo lyomayalulo lili kaantu ayehe, **inatu pumbwa Tate Toma omubangi** atale kutya inatu ya kengelela, inandiiningila ekopi nenge oku tumina omuntu omayapela gaali nenge gatatu
Within the system, the exchange of a digital apple is now just like the exchange of a physical one. Its now as good as seeing a physical apple leave my hand and drop into your pocket. And just like on the park bench, the exchange involved two people only. You and me — we didnt need Uncle Tommy there to make it valid. Meni lyosystem paife okutaambathana eyapula lyokointerneta olyafa ashike okutaambathana eyapula gopalutu. Owafa ashike watala eyapula lyopalutu tali zi penyala dhoye notaliyimekutu. Nongashi ashike poshipundi shopeshala lyomaunyanyudho, opwali ashike aantu yali. Ngwe, nangaye - inatu pumbwa Tate Toma eshi koleke.
In other words, it behaves like a physical object. Ohashiihumbata shafa oshinima shopalutu.
But you know whats cool? Its still digital. We can now deal with 1,000 apples, or 1 million apples, or even .0000001 apples. I can send it with a click of a button, and I can still drop it in your digital pocket if I was in Nicaragua and you were all the way in New York. Oshifuulithi osho shi: natango oshili kointeneta. Atu vulu okulandula omayapula geli eyovi, nenge omilliona nando omayapula geli 0.0000001. Andi vulu oku shi tuma nethindo lyokamouse kokompiuta, nonogo mekutu lyoye lyokointerneta nando wuli mo Windhoeka nondili mOshakati.
I can even make other digital things ride on top of these digital apples! Its digital after-all. Maybe I can attach some text on it — a digital note. Or maybe I can attach more important things; like say a contract, or a stock certificate, or an ID card… Otevulu oku tula iinima iikwayo yoko interneta kombanda yomayapula goko interneta. Oshoko interneta mos? Napamwe andi vulu oku tulako okatumwalaka kokointerneta. Nenge napamwe andi vulu oku kwatekekako iinima yina oshilonga yivulithepo, ngashi okontracta, nenge okapermita koku enditha iimuna nenge oka tse.
So this is great! How should we treat or value these “digital apples”? Theyre quite useful arent they? Shino oshiwanawa! Paife “omayapula gokointerneta” natu ga kwate nokumeta ongushu yagwo momukalo gunipo? Aga vulu oku kala gena oshilonga neh?
Well, a lot of people are arguing over it now. Theres debate between this and that economic school. Between politicians. Between programmers. Dont listen to all of them though. Some people are smart. Some are misinformed. Some say the system is worth a lot, some say its actually worth zero. Some guy actually put a hard number: $1,300 per apple. Some say its digital gold, some a currency. Other say theyre just like tulips. Some people say itll change the world, some say its just a fad. Opena aantu oyendji hayuumana kombinga yasho paife. Opena eentamanana pokati koskola dhoekonomiksa ndjino naandjiya. Pokati kee aantu mba ha shanga elaka lypakompiuta neekuode. Pokati kaapolitika. Inoya pwakena ayehe. Aantu yamwe oyena uunongo. Yamwe oyena ehuveko lyapuka. Opena mbano taati kutya osystema oyina ongushu, yakwo taati kayinasha ongushu. Omati gumwe okwatulako ondando: [N$ 18710.25 keshe keyapula](https://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2013/12/05/bank-of-america-analysts-say-bitcoins-value-is-1300/). Opena mbano taati oshingoli shoko interneta, yakwawo taati iimaliwa sho kointerneta. Yamwe otaati ashilundulula onkalo, yamwe otaati nashitu pitilile.
I have my own opinion about it. Ngaye ondina [omayele gandje mwene](http://nikcustodio.tumblr.com/post/150500263430/why-blockchains-an-eli21) komabinga yasho.
Thats a story for another time though. But kid, you now know more about Bitcoin than most. Shono ehokololo lye siku ekwawo hapo. Maala, paife owushi kombinga yoBitcoin wu vule ooyakwawo.
#### Recommend Reading (Updated 2017) #### Recommend Reading (Updated 2017)

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# Welcome to Bitcoin, newcomers!
### Here's your FAQ:
Q: Who should I trust?
A: **Nobody.**
Q: When should I sell?
A: **Never.**
Q: Is Bitcoin dying because ____?
A: **No.**
Q: What have I gotten myself into?
A: **Nobody knows.**
Q: How do I learn more?
A: **We have a [wealth of content here](/translations).** Or you can visit [lopp.net](https://www.lopp.net/bitcoin-information.html)

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# About Exonumia
The study of currency.

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# I-Bitcoin Ifana Njenge
by Oleg Andreev [2017/12/10](https://oleganza.com/all/bitcoin-is-like/)
**I-Bitcoin ifana nemali ebonakalako:** akukghonakali ukuthi uyibusele emuva godu nguwe onesibopho sokuyitjheja. Nawulahla isikhwama sakho semali, ulahla imali yakho. Unganikela omunye umuntu ama-bitcoin ukuthi akubambele wona, kodwana kuzkufana nebhanga: kumele ubathembe ukuthi angekhe babaleke nemali yakho.
**I-Bitcoin ayifani nemali ebonakalako:** ungayibulunga ngobunengi ofuna ngakho angekhe idle isikhala. Ungayithumela komunye nomunye umuntu. Akukghonakali ukuthi ibe sikhohliso. Angekhe uyinikele umzuzwana: ukwenza isiqiniseko ukuthi ithumelekile, kumele ulinde imizuzu elithjumi kufikela emizuzwini elitjhumi nahlanu ukuze uthole ubufakazi obukhiqizwa lithungelelwano.
**I-Bitcoin ifana negolide:** angeke uyikhiqize ngendlela ofuna ngayo, kunenani elinomkhawulo godu inani leli lirhajheke ku-spacetime continuum (kanengi isikhathi). Ukuze uthole ama-bitcoin kufanele omunye umuntu akuphe wona, nofana kufanele “uwembe”. Njenge golide, i-Bitcoin iyaphazima, idosa abantu ngokubumbeka kwayo okuhle, ukwakheka, imitlomelo ehlakaniphileko, nesithembiso sekululeko ekugandelelwelweni.
**I-Bitcoin ayifani negolide:** isikhathi sokunikelwa kwe Bitcoin akutjhentjhi (kunenani elibekiweko lama-bitcoin akhiqizwako nge-awara. Unesiqinisekiso sokuthi akekho ozokuthola intaba ye-bitgold nofana ayembe kuma-asteroids. Ngokuhluka ku-golide, ubunzima be-Bitcoin bubekwa ngehlelo lemizamo yokukhiqiza ngehloso yokungatjhentjhi isikhathi. Ungemba yoke igolide ngelanga linye, kodwana angeke kwakgoneka nge-Bitcoin nalokha ukhuphula ibelo lamakhomphyutha. Ukungezelala imizamo yokukhiqiza kungatjhintjha isikhathi esibekiweko kancani (ithungelelwo likhuphula ubunzima ukuaya ekukhiqizweni kwama blogo asithandathu nge-awara, kodwana nanagabe ithungelelo liyakhula lingakhiqiza amablogo alikhomba kufikela kwabunane ngeawara).
**I-Bitcoin ifana nebhanga:** kunama-khomphyutha, amanzinzolwazi nokuthengisalana. Amanzinzolwazi abulunga ubufakazi bemali engenako nephumako, ukuthi uthumela imali engangani kubani. Yoke into iyidijithi. Awekho ama-vault anegolide nofana amabhokisi wedibhoziti anabanini bawo, koke kutlolwa “eledjeni” linye kuphela.
**I-Bitcoin ayifani nebanga:** woke umuntu angaqinisekia ukuthi inzinzolwazi lakhe line ledja elifana nelawo woke umuntu. Akekho umphathi olawula iledja noqinisekisa ukuthi lisesebujameni obuhle. Omunye nomunye umuntu angaba nenani lama-akhawunti ngendlela afuna ngayo, abanini bama-akhawunti woke abaziwa (ngaphandle kokuthi omunye aziveze). Iledja alibulungi namkha alivezi amagama, liveza inani lemali neenomboro zama-akhawunti. Alikho ithuba le-“fractional reverse” ibhanga nayibolekisa imali edlula imali enayo. Kuhle, kuhle, azikho iinkolodo eledjeni le-bitcoin: kuphakathi kokuthi unayo imali futhi ngeykho ngokupheleleko, nofana awunayo godu angekhe ukgone ukuyiberegisa. Godu, i-Bitcoin iyavumela ukubopha imali nge-“kontraga”: imilayezo efihlekileko eyenzelwe ukuphadlhalala hlangana nabantu abambalwa nofana phakathi kwesikhathi.
**I-Bitcoin ifana nemali yemonopholi:** amakhoyini mathowukheni inani lemali yawo engaziwako. Abalulekile ebantwini ngobana bakhetha ukudlala umdlalo. Kuhle kuhle, lokhu kuliqiniso ngegolide nofana enye nenye imali.
**I-Bitcoin ayifani nemali yemonopholi:** kunenani elibekiweko lokunikelwa amathowukheni godu akekho ongawenza ngokungemthetho. Lokhu kuwabeka ethubeni elihle lokukhethwa emhlabeni jikelele njenga-makhoyini wegolide nesiliva.
**I-Bitcoin ifana ne-Git:** phakathi kwe-Git (umhlobo wamahlelo alawulako) loke itjhintjho olenzako lihlelwe etjheyinini evikelwe ma-hash afihlekileko. Nangabe uthemba i-hash elitjha, ungathola loke ilwazi elidlulileko (nofana elinye nelinye ihlangothi layo) komunuye nomunye umthombo godu uqinisekise ukuthi ngikho ogade ukulindele. Ngokufanako, ku-Bitcoin, koke ukuthengiselana kuhlelwe ngaphakathi kwe-tjheyini (*i-blockchain*) godu nasele iqinisekisiweko, ngaphandle kokuthi agqinwe kuphi, ungathemba isiquntu se-blockchain ngaso soke isikhathi ngokuhlola ithjeyini yama-hash ekuhlanganisa no-hash omuthembako. Lokhu kwenza ibulungo eliphadlhalisiweko nokuhlola kokuthembeka okulula.
**I-Bitcoin ayifani ne Git:** ngendlela yokuthi woke umuntu ufuna ukuberega ku-branch yinye. Ngaphakathi kwe-Git woke umuntu angaba nama-branch nama-fork ambalwa godu awahlanganise ilanga loke. Ku-Bitcoin, umuntu angeke akgone “ukuhlanganisa” ama-fork. Kuhle kuhle, I-blockchain mumuthi wokuthengiselana okudlulileko, kodwana ilithi elidlula woke amalithi (eline-value) godu namanye amalithi amancani (ubude bawo aboungadluli iblogo linya kuya kwamabili) anganawo i-value. Ku-Git i-content ibaluleke ukudlula ama-branch, ku-Bitcoin ukuvumelana kubaluleke ukudlula i-content.
**I-Bitcoin ifana ne-Bittorrent:** ithungelelo lisezandleni zawo woke umuntu, ayikho i-“mint” eyodwa nofana “i-bhanga”. I-blockchain ifana ne fayili yinye ku bittorrent: iqinisekiswe ngokufihlekileko godu ithumelwe hlangana namakhomphyutha amanengi. Woke umhlanganyeli, nabakhiqizi bahlanganyeal ngokulinganako. Nangabe ihlangothi linye lethungelelo liyamotjheka, ukuthengiselana kungadlulela kwamanye amahlangothi. Nalokha woke amahlangothi wethungelelo angaberegi, imininingwane yokuthengiselana ingabulungwa emakhomphyutheni ayikulungwane azijameleko, akekho ozokulahlekelwa yimali. Abantu bangaqhumana, bangaqhubeka bathengiselane ngathi ayikho into eyenzileko. Kokubili, i-Bitcoin ne-Bittorrent zingadlula epini ye-nuclear ngobana ilwazi alilimazi godu linga phindwaphindwa ngokuphephileko.
**I-Bitcoin ayifani ne-Bittorrent:** ngaphandle “kwamafayili” amanengi azijameleko, kunefayili linye elikhula ngaso soke isikhathi: i-blockchain. Godu, abahlanganyeli ababalulekileko ukudlula boke abahlanganyeli bathola imitlomelo yemisebenzi yabo eyimali yamambala.
**I-Bitcoin ifana nekululeko yokukhuluma:** koke ukuthengiselana mlayezo omncani opepene ongaziwa nomakanjani. Nangabe abakhiqizi bayawuzwa, bazowufaka phakathi kwe-blockchain godu umlayezo lo uzoba semlandweni kufikela naphakade. Woke umuntu uzowubona godu akekho ozokukghona ukuwusula.
**I-Bitcoin ayifani nekululeko yokukhuluma:** ukutjho into kuyabiza. Ukuthengiselana kutjhidisa amakhoyini okufanele uthome ngawo. Ngalokho ke esinye nesinye isidlhladlha asikavumeleki ukwenza itjhada, abavumelekileko ngilabo abanemitlomelo yokuthola amakhoyini ekuthomeni. Godu, abakhiqizi bangakwala ukuthengiselana nangabe kukgqwele izinto engafunikekiko nofana akunazo immali ezaneleko. Ngalokho ke akekho onikela omunye nomunye ikululeko njenge “tjwaleni”, kodwana woke umuntu uzama ukuberegisana ngokuzinikela.
**I-Bitcoin ifana ne kontraga yomphakathi:** yinto yesiko ejwayelekileko. Iberega njengemali nangabe abantu bayiphatha ngaleyo ndlela godu banesibindi sokuyiphatha godu bahloniphe nemithetho yayo. I-theknoloji ifuneka ukunikela lokho okudingengako kwekontraga.
**I-Bitcoin ayifani nekontraga yomphakathi:** ayifani nekontraga ebayifundisa enkolweni. Ayitjhentjhi, godu ayigandelelwa mithetho ethileko. Yisede yemitheto esekhomphyutheni engatjhentjhiko woke omuntu okhetha ukuyilandela, kungezelela evumelwaneni lawo woke umuntu.
**I-Bitcoin ifana nemali yomejigi ye-internet:** ngobulula, injalo nje.

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# Ngihlathululela i-Bitcoin Ngathi Ngineminyaka Emihlanu
ngo Nik Custodio [2013/12/12](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/explain-bitcoin-like-im-five-73b4257ac833/)
### Nangabe nanje awazi bonyana i-Bitcoin yini …
Sihlezi phezu kwebhanga ephageni. Ilanga lihle.
Ngiphethe i-abhula linye. Ngikunikela lona.
Nje une-abhula linye mina anginalutho.
Lokhu bekulula, angitjho?
### Asihlole ngelihlo elibukhali ukuthi kwenzakaleni:
I-abhula lami libekwe esandleni sakho.
Uyazi ukuthi lokho kwenzekile. Bengokhona. Bengikhona. Ulithintile.
Zange sidinge umuntu wesithathu ukuthi asirhelebhe ukunikelana.
Zange sidinge ukuthi sibize umalume u-Tommy (ongumehluleli odumileko) ukuthi ahlale nathi ebhangeni aqinisekise ukuthi i-abhula lisuke kimi laya kuwe.
I-abhula ngelakho. Angeke ngikghone ukukunikela elinye i-abhula ngombana anginalo elinye eliseleko. Angisakghoni ukulilawula. Angise nguye umnikazi we-abhula. Unelawulo eligqweleko le-abhula. Ungalinikela umngani wakho nawufunako, naye umngani wakho angalinikela umngani wakhe. Njalo njalo.
Ngakho ke itjhintjhiswano la mathupa linjalo. Ngicabanga ukuthi kuyafana, nofana ngikunikela i-bhanana, incwadi, nofana asithi ikota, nofana i-dollar bill …
Kodwana ngiyazikhohlisa
### Buyela ema-abhuleni!
Asithi, ngine-abhula linye le-dijithi. Lapha, ngizokunikela i-abhula lami le-dijithi.
Ah! Nje ithoma ukukarisa.
Wazi njani ukuthi lela i-abhula le-dijithi ebekungelami, nje ngelakho, lakho wedwa?
Thatha umzuzwana ucabange ngayo.
Irarene ngokudluleleko, angitjho? Wazi njani ukuthu zange ngithumele i-abhula lela ku-malume u-Tommy nge-imeyili kokuthoma? Nanyana umngani wakho u-Joe? Nanyna umngani wami u-Lisa?
Mhlambe ngenze amakhophi ambalwa we-abhula lela le-dijithi ku-khomphyutha yami. Mhlambe ngilifake ku-internet bese abantu abasigidi bali-dawunuloda.
Njengoba nawe ubona, ukutjhintjhelana kwe-dijithi kumraro. Ukuthumela ama-abhula we-dijithi akufani nokuthumela ama-abhula abonakalako (okghona ukuwathinta namkha ukuwabona).
Abososayensi bekhomphyutha abambadlwana banalo igama lo mraro lo. Ubizwa ngokuthi yi double-spending problem (mraro wokuthumela okuphindwe kabili). Kodwana ungatshwenyeki ngawo. Okumele ukwazi ngawo ukuthi ubarare isikhathi eside, zange bawurarulule.
Kufikela nje.
Kodwana asizame ukucabanga ipendulo yethu.
### Amaleja
Mhlambe umkhondo wama-abhula wedijithi ufuna ukulandelwa ku-leja. Ngokwesisekelo (ileja) yincwadi lapho ulandela umkhondo wokuthengiselana incwadi yeemali.
Ileja le, ngombana ngeledijithi, kudingeka ukuthi lihlale emhlabeni walo lodwa kube nomuntu olilawulako.
Asithi, nje nge World of Warcraft. i-Blizzard, abantu abakha umdlalo we-Internet, bane leja ledijithi lazo zoke iinsabula eziphuma umlilo ongakavami ezitholakla ehlelweni labo. Kuhle, umuntu ofana nabo angalandela umkhondo wama-abhula wedijithi. Kuhle siwurarululile (umraro)!
### Imiraro
Kodwana kukhona umraro omncani:
1. Kwenzekalani nangabe omunye umuntu e-Blizzare wenza amanje ama-abhula wedijithi angezelelweko godu? Angafak ama-abhula wedijithi ambalwa esilinganisweni sakhe ngesikhathi afuna ngaso.
2. Akufani ngqo nalokha sisebhangeni ngalela langa. Bekungimi nawe kwaphela mhlokha. Ukuberegisa i-Blizzard kufana nokubiza umalume u-Tonny (isandla sesithathu) ngaphandle kwekhotho (khengatjho ukuthi ngumehluleli odumileko?) malungana nokuthengiselana kwethu kwebhangeni lephaga. Ngingalidlulisela kuwe njani i-abhula lami ledijithi, nje nge, uyazi ngendlela ejwayelekileko?
> Ikhona indlela yedijithi yokuphinda ukuthengiselana kwethu kwebhangeni lephaga? Kubonakala ngathi kubudisi …
### Ipendulo
Kungenzeka ini nasinganikela woke umuntu ileja le? Esikhundleni sokuthi ileja lihlale ekhomphyutheni ye-Blizzard, lizokuhlala ngaphakathi kwekhomphyutha yawo woke umuntu. Yoke imininingwana yokuthengiselana ama-abhula wedijithi izokubulungwa emakhomphyutheni wawo woke umuntu.
Angeke wayidlelezela. Angikghoni ukukuthumela ama-abhula wedijithi enginganawo ngombana ngeke ikhambelane nehlelo lawo woke umuntu. Kuzokuba lihlelo elibudisi ukulidlelezela. Khulukhulu nalingaba likhulu. Ngaphezulu kokuthi alilawulwa mumuntu munye¸ ngalokho ngiyazi ukuthi akekho ozokuthatha isiqunto sokuzifakela ama-abhula wedijithi angezelelweko. Imithetho yehlelo ihlathululwe wekuthomeni. Godu ikhowudi nemithetho zisebaleni (open source). Yenzelwe ukuthi abantu abahlakaniphileko bangezelele, bagcine, benze ngcono, godu bahlole.
Nawe ungahlangenyela kulethungelelwano godu ufake ilwazi lamva uqinisekise ukuthi koke kukhamba ngehlelo. Ngokwenza koke lokhu, ungathola umtlomelo wama-abhula wedijithi amatjhumi amabili nahlanu. Kuhle kuhle, le ngiyo yodwa indlela yokwenza ama-abhula wedijithi angezelelweko ehlelweni.
### Ngiyenze yaba lula kancani
… kodwana ihlelo leli engilihlathulileko likhona. Libizwa ngokuthi yincwadi ephathelene nekambiso ye-Bitcoin (Bitcoin protocol). Ama-abhula lawa wedijithi “ziincezu zemhlamvu yemali (bitcoins)”
Manje, ubonile ukuthi kwenzeke ini? Ileja lomuntu woke likghonisa ini?
1. Lisebaleni uyakhumbula? Inomboro epheleleko yama-abhula wedijithi kuleja lawo woke umuntu lihlathululwe ekuthomeni. Ngiyazi ngqo inomboro (yawo ama-abhula) akhona. Ngaphakathi kwehlelo, ngiyazi ukuthi akhawukile (ayindlala).
2. Nasenza itjhintjhiswano nje ngiyazi ngesiqiniseko ukuthi lelo abhula ledijithi lisukile kimi godu nje sekungelakho loke. Bengingakwazi ukutjho lokhu ngezinto zedijithi. Izokungezelelwa ngelwazi lamva godu iqinisekiswe lileja lawo woke umuntu.
3. Ngombana lileja lawo woke umuntu, azange ngidinge umalume u-Tommy (isandla sesithathu) ukuthi aqinisekise ukuthi azange ngidlelezele, nofana ngizenzele amakhophi angezelelweko, nofanna ngithumele ama-abhula kabili, nofan kantathu …
Ngaphakathi kwehlelo, itjhintjhinswano le-abhula ledijithi (se)lifana netjhintjhinswano le-abhula lela elibonakalako (okghona ukulithinta). Nje kufana nalokha ubona i-abhula lisuka esandleni sami lingena esikhwanyeni sakho. Godu nje nge bhangeni lephaga leli itjhintjhiswano libandakanye abantu ababili kwaphela. Mina nawe zange siding umalume u-Tommy ukuthi alenze libe liqiniso.
Ngamanye amagama, liziphatha nje nge nto okghona ukuyibona nokuyithinta.
Kodwana uyakwazi okukarisako? Lisese li-abhula ledijithi. Nje singakwazi ukurhweba ngama-abhula ayi-kulungwane, nofana ama-abhula asigidi, nofana ama-abhula ayi-0000001. Ngingalithumela (i-abhula) ngokutlhorha ikunubhe yekhomphyutha, godu ngingaliphosela ngaphakathi kwesikhwama sakho se-dijithi nangise-Nicaragua wena use-New York. Ngingakwazi nokuthi ngenze ezinye izinto zedijithi phezu kwama-abhula la wedijtihi! Yi-dijithi ekugqineni.
Mhlambe ngingafaka namagama atloliweko phezulu umtlolo wedijithi. Nofana mhlambe ngifake into ebalulekileko; asithi nje nge sivumelwano, nofana nje nge sitifikedi sestoko, nofana ikarada lencwadi yokuzazisa …
Lokhu kuhle. Singawatjheja njani nofana siwaphathele phezulu njani “ama-abhula wedijithi” la? Alisizo, akusinjalo?
Kodwana abantu abanengi baphikisana ngayo nje. Kunekulumo phikiswano hlangana kweenkolo zomnotho. Hlangana kwabosopolotiki. Hlangana kwabaphrogremu. Kodwana ungabaphi indlebe boke. Abanye abantu bahlakaniphile. Abanye banelwazi elingakalungi. Abanye bathi ihlelo leli li nenzuzo enengi, abanye bathi alinanzuzo. Omuye umuntu wabeka inomboro enembako: $1 300 nge abhula. Abanye bathi li-golide ledijithi, abanye (bathi) yi-currency. Abanye bathi afana (ama-abhula) namathuthumbo abizwa ngokuthi ma-tulip, abanye bath yi-fad nje.
Mina nginawo wami umbono ngayo.
Kodwana keyo yindaba yangesinye isikhathi. Kodwana mntwana, nje wazi ncono nge-Bitcoin ukudlula abanye.
#### Umtlolo Ophakanyisweko (Ungezelelwe ngo-2017)
[“You Dont Understand Bitcoin Because You Think Money is Real”](https://medium.com/@mariabustillos/you-dont-understand-bitcoin-because-you-think-money-is-real-5aef45b8e952?source=linkShare-2d6f142ff3cc-1512362100) by [Maria Bustillos](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/explain-bitcoin-like-im-five-73b4257ac833/undefined) yincwadi ehle yokungezelela ilwazi lakho.
Ungafunda kabanzi nge [Ethereum and Smart Contracts here](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/smart-contracts-for-dummies-a1ba1e0b9575?source=linkShare-2d6f142ff3cc-1512086124). Thaba!

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# I AM HODLING
by GameKyuubi [2013/12/18](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=375643.0)
I type d that tyitle twice because I knew it was wrong the first time. Still wrong. w/e. GF's out at a lesbian bar, BTC crashing WHY AM I HOLDING? I'LL TELL YOU WHY. It's because I'm a bad trader and I KNOW I'M A BAD TRADER. Yeah you good traders can spot the highs and the lows pit pat piffy wing wong wang just like that and make a millino bucks sure no problem bro. Likewise the weak hands are like OH NO IT'S GOING DOWN I'M GONNA SELL he he he and then they're like OH GOD MY ASSHOLE when the SMART traders who KNOW WHAT THE FUCK THEY'RE DOING buy back in but you know what? I'm not part of that group. When the traders buy back in I'm already part of the market capital so GUESS WHO YOU'RE CHEATING day traders NOT ME~! Those taunt threads saying "OHH YOU SHOULD HAVE SOLD" YEAH NO SHIT. NO SHIT I SHOULD HAVE SOLD. I SHOULD HAVE SOLD MOMENTS BEFORE EVERY SELL AND BOUGHT MOMENTS BEFORE EVERY BUY BUT YOU KNOW WHAT NOT EVERYBODY IS AS COOL AS YOU. You only sell in a bear market if you are a good day trader or an illusioned noob. The people inbetween hold. In a zero-sum game such as this, traders can only take your money if you sell.

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# Exonumia Translations
- [Welcome to Bitcoin](/)
- [Explain Bitcoin Like I'm Five](/explain-bitcoin-like-im-five)
- [Bitcoin Is Like](/bitcoin-is-like)
- [I AM HODLING](/i-am-hodling)

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# Welcome to Bitcoin, newcomers!
### Here's your FAQ:
Q: Who should I trust?
A: **Nobody.**
Q: When should I sell?
A: **Never.**
Q: Is Bitcoin dying because ____?
A: **No.**
Q: What have I gotten myself into?
A: **Nobody knows.**
Q: How do I learn more?
A: **We have a [wealth of content here](/translations).** Or you can visit [lopp.net](https://www.lopp.net/bitcoin-information.html)

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# About Exonumia
The study of currency.

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# Bitcoin Is Like
by Oleg Andreev [2017/12/10](https://oleganza.com/all/bitcoin-is-like/)
**Bitcoin is like physical cash:** it is not reversible and you are responsible for handling it. If you lose your wallet, you lose your money. You can give bitcoins to someone to hold them for you, but it will be like with any bank: you have to trust them that they wont run away with your money.
**Bitcoin is unlike physical cash:** you can store as much as you want and it will not take any space. You can send it over the wire to anyone. It is impossible to counterfeit. You cant give it in one second: to actually guarantee that transaction has happened, you have to wait 10-15 minutes for the cryptographic proof to be produced by the network.
**Bitcoin is like gold:** it cannot be produced at will, there is a limited amount of it and this amount is scattered in spacetime continuum (mostly time). To get some bitcoins someone should give them to you, or you should *mine* them. Like gold, Bitcoin is shiny: it attracts people with its beautiful engineering, built-in contract programming language, wise incentives, and libertarian promise of freedom from coercion.
**Bitcoin is unlike gold:** supply of Bitcoin is completely fixed via scheduled mining (only so much bitcoins are created per hour). You have a guarantee that no one will suddenly find a mountain of bitgold or mine it on asteroids. Unlike gold, Bitcoin difficulty is adjusted to the mining efforts to keep the schedule fixed. You may dig up all the gold in one day, but it will never be possible with Bitcoin no matter how fast computers will ever become. Growing mining efforts can only bend schedule slightly (network adjusts difficulty to producing 6 blocks per hour, but if network constantly grows it may produce 7-8 blocks per hour).
**Bitcoin is like a bank:** there are computers, databases and transactions. Databases store the entire history of all incoming and outgoing payments: who send how much to whom. Everything is digital. There are no vaults with gold or personal deposit boxes, only bookkeeping in a single “ledger”.
**Bitcoin is unlike a bank:** everyone can verify that their database contains the same ledger data as everyone elses. There is no manager in charge of updating the ledger and making sure it is not tampered with. Any person may have as many accounts as they like and all accounts are anonymous (unless one reveals his identity himself). Ledger does not store names, only balances and account numbers. There is no possibility of a “fractional reserve” when bank loans out more money than it actually has. In fact, there are no debts on bitcoin ledger: either you have money on your address and it is fully yours, or you dont and you cant use it at all. Also, Bitcoin allows to lock money with “contracts”: cryptographic puzzles designed to spread the decision making between several people or across time.
**Bitcoin is like Monopoly money:** coins are abstract tokens that are not claims to any value. People value them because they choose to play the game. In fact, the same is true for gold or any other money.
**Bitcoin is unlike Monopoly money:** there is a limited supply of tokens and no one can counterfeit them. This makes them a good candidate for a universally recognized collectible like gold or silver coins.
**Bitcoin is like Git:** in Git (a distributed version control system) all your changes are organized in a chain protected by cryptographic hashes. If you trust the latest hash, you can get all the previous information (or any part of it) from any source and still verify that it is what you expect. Similarly, in Bitcoin, all transactions are organized in a chain (*the blockchain*) and once validated, no matter where they are stored, you can always trust any piece of blockchain by checking a chain of hashes that link to a hash you already trust. This naturally enables distributed storage and easy integrity checks.
**Bitcoin is unlike Git:** in a way that everyone strives to work on a single branch. In Git everyone may have several branches and fork and merge them all day long. In Bitcoin one cannot “merge” forks. The blockchain is a actually a tree of transaction histories, but there is always one biggest branch (which has the value) and some accidental mini-branches (no more than one-two blocks long) that have no value at all. In Git content matters more than branches, in Bitcoin consensus matters more than content.
**Bitcoin is like Bittorrent:** the network is fully decentralized, there is no single “mint” or “bank”. The blockchain is like a single file on bittorrent: cryptographically authenticated and shared across many computers. Every participant, including miners are acting on equal grounds. If one part of the network becomes disrupted, transactions can flow through other parts. Even if the entire network goes down, information about transactions is still stored on many thousands of independent computers and no ones money is lost. When people connect with each other again, they can continue sending transactions like nothing happened. Both Bitcoin and Bittorrent can survive a nuclear war because information does not become radioactive and can be safely replicated.
**Bitcoin is unlike Bittorrent:** instead of many independent “files”, there is one file that always grows: the blockchain. Also, the most important participants: miners are actually getting rewarded for their work with real money.
**Bitcoin is like freedom of speech:** every transaction is a short public message that can be pronounced no matter where or how. If some miners hear it, they will add it in the blockchain and that message will be forever in the history. Everyone will see it and no one will be able to erase it.
**Bitcoin is unlike freedom of speech:** saying something comes with a cost. Transaction moves coins that you must have to start with. So not every moron is allowed to shout, but only those who had a merit to acquire some coins in the first place. Also, miners may reject transaction if its spammy or does not contain enough fees. So no one provides anyone with freedom as “in beer”, but everyone tries to cooperate on a voluntary basis.
**Bitcoin is like a social contract:** it is a pure cultural phenomenon. It works as money as long as people treat it as such and have guts to hold it and respect its rules. Technology is needed only insomuch to provide necessary plumbing for that contract.
**Bitcoin is unlike a social contract:** it is not the kind of a contract that they teach at schools. Its not flexible, and its not imposed by some rulers. Its a virtually immutable set of rules that everyone chooses to apply to themselves, therefore adding to a unanimous consensus.
**Bitcoin is like magic internet money:** it simply is.

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# Talutshedzani Bitcoin unga ni khou amba na nwana wa minwaha mitanu
by Nik Custodio [2013/12/12](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/explain-bitcoin-like-im-five-73b4257ac833/)
### Arali na namusi ni sa talukanyi uri Bitcoin ndi mini…
Nne na inwi ro dzula kha banga phakhani. Ndi duvha lavhudi.
Nne ndo fare apula lithihi. Nda li nea inwi.
Zwino inwi ni na apula lithihi, nne athi tshena.
Zwo luleluwa, asi zwone?
### Ari do sedza zwavhudi uri ho bvelela ni:
Apula langa lo vhewa tshandani tshanu.
No zwi vhona. No vha ni hone, na nne ndo vha ndi hone. No li fara.
Arongo toda munwe wa vhuraru u thusa kha u nekedzani apula helo. Arongo toda malume Vho-Tomasi (muhutali a divheaho) u vha thanzi ya hoho u nekedza.
Apula ndi lanu! Nne ndi ngasi kone u ni nea linwe apula ngauri athi tshena. Ali tsha langulwa nga nne. A li tsha vha langa. Zwa zwino li vho langulwa nga inwi. Ni tshi funa, ni nga kona u li nea khonani yanu, khonani yanu inga di isa phanda ya li nea munwe vho. Zwa ralo zwi tshi ya.
U neana nga tshanda zwo to ralo. Zwidi fana namusi ri khou neana miomva, bugu, tshitanu, kana randa…
Ndi vho dzhayesa.
### Ari humela kha maapula!
Ari soko fanyisa riri ndo fara apula lithi la digital. Nda li nea inwi.
Ah! Zwi khou thoma u takadza.
Ni zwi divha hani uri ilo apula lithihi la digital le lavha li langa, ndi la nu ni nothe? Zwi humbuleni lwa tshifhinga nyana.
Zwi vho dadisa, asi zwone? Ni zwi divha hani uri thingo li rumela malume Vho-Tomasi u thoma sa phasela kha email kana nga poso? Kana khonani yanu Joe? Kana khonani yanga Lisa?
Thanwe ndo khunyeledza nda ita dzi photocopy dza apula ilo kha khomputha yanga. Thanwe ndo li posa kha internet vhanwe vhathu vha million vha mbo li downloada.
Ni a kona uzwi vhona uri u nekedzana hohu hu na thaidzo. U nekedzana maapula nga ndila ya tshi digital ahu fani naluthihi na u nekedzana maapula nga tshanda.
Vha divhi vha saintsi ya dzi khomputha vhazwi vhidza: the double-spending problem. Nga Tshivenda ringari, thaidzo ya u badela luvhili. Aringa do sedzesa hei thaidzo. Fhedzi, zwine na tea u zwi divha ndi uri thaidzo heyi yo dadisa vhadivhi lwa tshifhinga tshi lapfu nga maanda ende futhi avhongo kona u I tandulula.
U zwikela zwino.
Ari do lingedza u da na thandululo yashu.
### Ledgers (bugu dza masheleni)
Ri nga ri haya maapula a tshi digital a tea u nwala buguni. Ledger ndi bugu ine vho ramasheleni, kana vho ramabindu vha nwala badela inwe na inwe bugu ya accounting kana mutshintshano.
Heyi bugu, samusi I digital, I tea u tshila lifhasini layo ina mulangi wayo.
Ari dzhie sa tsumbo mutambo wa World of Warcraft (munwe wa mi tambo ya khomputha I no tambiwa nga vhaswa ano maduvha), wo sikiwaho nga vha ha Blizzard. Vha siki vha hoyu mutambo vhana digital ledger kana bugu ya mutshintshano, ine ya vha na zwi tangu zwine mutambi anga shumisa a tshi khou tamba. Zwo ralo, ringa nea avho vha siki vhudifhinduleli ha u langa iyo bugu ya maapula ashu. Khezwo ro I tandulula thaidzo.
### Dzi thaidzo
Hu na thaidzo nyana hafha:
1. Arali munwe vha shumeli vha Blizzard (company yo sikaho World of War craft) a sika more what?
Anga longa maapula a digital nga u funa ambo enge dza tshivhalo tshawe.
2.
Azwi khou fana na musi ro dzula kha banga lia duvha. Hovha hu nne na inwi fhedzi. U dzhenisa munwe wa vhuraru, sa Blizzard, zwifana na u vhidza vho-Tomasi uri vha bve court (mushumoni wavho) uri vhade vha vhe thanzi yau nekedza hashu.
Ndi nga kona hani u ni nea apula langa nga ndila yo doweleyaho?
> Huna ndila inwe ine ranga edzisa u nekedzana ula sa zwe ra ita ngei bangani? Hu tshi tovha nne na inwi vhedzi, mara lwa digital? Zwinga zwi do konda...
### Thandululo
Khare ra neya ila bugu yashu munwe na munwe? Ra sa I neye vha ha Blizzard, zwi siya iyi bugu I tshi do dzula na munwe na munwe. U nekedzana hothe ha maapula ho vhuyaho ha bvelela, ubva tshi tshetsho, hu do vha ho nwala buguni iyo.
Ahuna u fhura iyo bugu. Athi koni u ri ndo ni neya maapula ndi songo ita ngauralo, ngauri zwi do vha zwi songo nwalwa buguni dza vhanwe. Zwinga konda nga maanda u fhura vhanwe, nga maanda u nekadzana huhu hu tshi vho hulela.
Futhi bugu heyi a I langulwi nga muthu muthihi, zwi do konda uri muthu a di neya maapula mannzhi nga ene mune, ro dzula ro langana uri zwi do shumisa hani ubva mathomoni.
### Ndo zwi leludza nyana.
…mara hezwi zwe nda talutshedzi zwi hone. Zwi pfi Bitcoin protocol. Maapula ayo apifi “bitcoins”. Ndi zwavhudi.
No zwi vhona uri ho bvelela ni? Hu konadzea zwifhio nga kha ila bugu ya mutshintshano?
1. Ni do zwi humbula uri munwe na munwe u na yo. Tshivhalo tsha maapula tsho nwala fhasi ubva mathomoni. Tshivhalo tsha o, tshi a divheya.
2. Ngauri munwe na munwe u nayo, athi todi thuso ya vho-Tomasi uri vha vhe thanzi uri thi ngo fhura vhanwe, kana ndo di engedzela tshivhalo tshanga.
Kha hoku kuitele kwashu, u nekedzana ha maapula lwa tshi digital zwi vho fana na u nekedzana maapula a vhukuma. Zwi vho fana na u vhona apula li khou bva tshandani tshanga li khou dzhena tshi kwamani tshanu. Ende sa musi ro dzula bangani, u nekedzana hohu hu khou to toda vhathu vhavhili fhedzi nne na inwi. Ari ngo toda vho-Tomasi uri vha vhe thanzi.
Nga inwe ndila, zwidi fana na apula la vhukuma.
Zwi takadzaho ndi uri hou u nekedza hetshe digital. Ri nga nekedzana maapula a 1000, kana a 1 million, kana .00001. Ndi nga kona u ni rumela one nga u to putedza khomputha. Ende futhi ndi nga kona u ni rumela one ndi seli ha mashango.
Ndi nga kona na u rumela zwinwe zwifhiwa khathihi na haya maapula. Athiri zwi digital. Ndi nga kona na u rumela mulaedza, kana manwalo a ndeme sa dzi kontraka, kana thanziela (certificate nga tshikhuwa), kana basa.
Ndi zwavhudi nga maanda. Ri nga thogomela hani na u anganyela mutengo wa aya maapula nga ndila yo fanelaho. Ana vhuthogwa, asi zwone?
Vhunzwi ha vha tevheli vha heyi Bitcoin vha tshe kati na u haseledza heli fhungo. Hu magudedzi a ekonomi, vho rapolotiki, na vha siki vha dzi khomputha, vhothe vha kati na u haseledza heli fhungo. Azwi nyagi na thetshelesa zwothe zwine vha amba. Vhanwe vha hone vho talifha, vhanwe vho fara zwisi ngoho, vhanwe vhari maitele haya ndi a ndeme, vhanwe vhari hana mushumo, vhanwe vho no mbo vhea na mutengo: R1300 apula lithihi, vhanwe vho vhari ndi musuku wa digital, vhanwe vhari Bitcoin heyi i fana na tshelede, vhanwe vhari i fana na maluvha, vhanwe vhari I do shandukisa li fhasi, vhanwe vhari ndi mulilo wa matanga.
Na nne ndi na kuvhonele kwanga vho.
Itsho ndi tshitori tsha linwe duvha. Zwa zwino ni vho divha nga ha Bitcoin u fhira vhanzhi.
#### Recommend Reading (Updated 2017)
[“You Dont Understand Bitcoin Because You Think Money is Real”](https://medium.com/@mariabustillos/you-dont-understand-bitcoin-because-you-think-money-is-real-5aef45b8e952?source=linkShare-2d6f142ff3cc-1512362100) by [Maria Bustillos](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/explain-bitcoin-like-im-five-73b4257ac833/undefined) is a good follow-up read.
You can also read more about [Ethereum and Smart Contracts here](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/smart-contracts-for-dummies-a1ba1e0b9575?source=linkShare-2d6f142ff3cc-1512086124). Enjoy!

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# I AM HODLING
by GameKyuubi [2013/12/18](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=375643.0)
I type d that tyitle twice because I knew it was wrong the first time. Still wrong. w/e. GF's out at a lesbian bar, BTC crashing WHY AM I HOLDING? I'LL TELL YOU WHY. It's because I'm a bad trader and I KNOW I'M A BAD TRADER. Yeah you good traders can spot the highs and the lows pit pat piffy wing wong wang just like that and make a millino bucks sure no problem bro. Likewise the weak hands are like OH NO IT'S GOING DOWN I'M GONNA SELL he he he and then they're like OH GOD MY ASSHOLE when the SMART traders who KNOW WHAT THE FUCK THEY'RE DOING buy back in but you know what? I'm not part of that group. When the traders buy back in I'm already part of the market capital so GUESS WHO YOU'RE CHEATING day traders NOT ME~! Those taunt threads saying "OHH YOU SHOULD HAVE SOLD" YEAH NO SHIT. NO SHIT I SHOULD HAVE SOLD. I SHOULD HAVE SOLD MOMENTS BEFORE EVERY SELL AND BOUGHT MOMENTS BEFORE EVERY BUY BUT YOU KNOW WHAT NOT EVERYBODY IS AS COOL AS YOU. You only sell in a bear market if you are a good day trader or an illusioned noob. The people inbetween hold. In a zero-sum game such as this, traders can only take your money if you sell.

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# Exonumia Translations
- [Welcome to Bitcoin](/)
- [Explain Bitcoin Like I'm Five](/explain-bitcoin-like-im-five)
- [Bitcoin Is Like](/bitcoin-is-like)
- [I AM HODLING](/i-am-hodling)